Poker Variance Calculator

How much swing is normal? Monte Carlo your next 100,000 hands or 10,000 tourneys and see where you actually land. Downswings, risk of ruin, and what your "Am I a winner?" math really says.

I win bb/100 over hands of
. SD 140 bb/100 · df 5

Cash volume is modeled in 100-hand blocks; accepted horizon: 100,000 hands.

020k40k60k80k100k Hands
Probability of profit
74.9%
Expected profit
+30 BI
95% of runs land between
−53 BI to +117 BI

Outcome probabilities are estimates from 1,000 runs. Zero observed events do not prove zero risk; a one-sided 95% upper bound after zero in 1,000 runs is about 0.30%.

1,000 runs simulated
Stake progression Auto move-up and move-down through the stake ladder

Plan up to 2.5M hands, moving up when you clear the threshold and back down on downswings. This independently configured career uses illustrative stake assumptions; edit them below. Move-up uses buy-ins of the next stake, move-down uses buy-ins of the current stake. Percentage decay subtracts a fraction of the starting edge per step up (including negative edges); below the starting stake the original edge is retained. Short Deck stakes use a user-defined blind equivalent, and mixed-game stakes use a common big-bet equivalent; the displayed stake SDs are illustrative assumptions.

Simulating career…

Derived winrate per stake
PLO10 +6.0
PLO20 +6.0
PLO25 +6.0
PLO50 +6.0
PLO100 +5.0
PLO200 +4.0
PLO500 +3.0
PLO1K +2.0
PLO2K +1.0
PLO5K 0.0
PLO10K −1.0
More analysis
Outcome distribution Median run: +29.7 BI

Sorted from best to worst. The median is the middle (the "typical" outcome), not the EV.

Top 1% luckbox
+128 BI
Top 5%
+103 BI
Top 25%
+59.5 BI
Median the typical run
+29.7 BI
Bottom 25%
−0.5 BI
Bottom 5%
−39.7 BI
Bottom 1% nightmare
−72.5 BI
Bankroll & risk of ruin

How deep can the cumulative profit line dip, and how big a starting bankroll do you need so it (almost) never dips past zero?

Risk of ruin
15.4%
over 100,000 hands

Required bankroll by risk tolerance over 100k hands, from this sim

Click a row to re-run the sensitivity table below at that target.

If you're wrong about your winrate (5% RoR target)

ScenarioAssumed winrateBankroll needed
Your assumption3.00 bb/10061.3 BI
Slightly worse1.50 bb/10072.0 BI
Much worse0.75 bb/10078.4 BI
Zero winrate0.00 bb/10084.5 BI

These are measured over the same 100k-hand horizon with the same random draws at each winrate. The finite-horizon requirement can stay finite even at zero or negative edge. Zero observed failures in this sample do not guarantee zero future risk.

Downswings

How often a deep downswing shows up, and how long losing stretches drag on, under +3 bb/100 · 100k hands · SD 140.

How deep, and how long

Probability of a downswing ≥
5 BI 1,000 / 1,000
10 BI 1,000 / 1,000
25 BI 89.3%
50 BI 28.8%
100 BI 1.0%
Probability of a slump lasting ≥
2.0k 1,000 / 1,000
5.0k 1,000 / 1,000
10k 99.6%
25k 85.8%
50k 42.1%

Peak-to-trough inside a window

Probability of at least one peak-to-trough drop across the full 100k hands, with peak and trough at most the labeled window apart. These are not odds for one arbitrary month.

Threshold
At least once; gap ≤ 8.3k hands
94.2%
chance of dropping ≥20 BI
At least once; gap ≤ 25k hands
96.6%
chance of dropping ≥20 BI
At least once; gap ≤ 100k hands
96.6%
chance of dropping ≥20 BI

Slump duration runs from a peak until recovery; unfinished slumps are censored at the horizon. Cash paths are observed every 100 hands. Percentages are empirical estimates from 1,000 simulated runs; zero observed events do not prove zero population risk.

Am I a winner? Bayesian credible intervals on your true skill

Enter your observed results. These are separate from the projected winrate and any multi-table adjustment above.

Assumes independent, stationary 100-hand observations with known SD 140 bb/100. A Normal likelihood approximates the heavy-tailed block model; prior on true rate is N(0, 10²) bb/100.

Probability you are actually a winning player
73.22%
Credible interval on your true winrate
ConfidenceLowerUpper
60%-0.90+5.92
75%-2.15+7.17
90%-4.15+9.17
95%-5.43+10.44
Total hands for data-only interval precision
within bb/100 at confidence: 7.5M hands

Planning count is total observed hands for the chosen interval width, not extra hands or a guarantee of a winning result.

Your year, month by month One randomly drawn year with lucky/unlucky months
Total for the year · 1,200,000 hands
100,000 hands /

Rolling year…

Tile hue = profit sign; shade = magnitude. Luck vs EV: 🔥 ≥+2σ blessed 🍀 ≥+1σ lucky ❄️ ≤−1σ unlucky 💀 ≤−2σ disaster

A single hypothetical year under these model assumptions. In yearly mode, accepted 100-hand blocks are spread across 12 months; a short year can include zero-hand months. In monthly mode, the accepted volume repeats each month.

Backing deal Simulate staker + player with makeup

Model a stake deal. The backer absorbs the losses; you split the profits at each chop event (after makeup clears).

Simulating backing deal…

Backer absorbs losses one-for-one; takes 50% of cleared profit at each chop. Sessions are 2,500 hands, with a shorter final session; chops occur every 10 sessions and at the end. Funding risk checks every 100-hand block. Full-horizon player and backer totals continue after a funding breach and would require extra capital in those runs.

This calculator simulates independent cash 100-hand blocks or independent tournament payouts under your chosen assumptions. Expected profit uses the model average; outcome bands and risk estimates come from finite Monte Carlo runs. The figures are conditional on the entered winrate, volatility, payout model, and horizon.

Poker Variance Calculator FAQ

How it works

Explore possible cash and tournament results, downswings, funding needs, and uncertainty about an observed winrate. Presets are illustrative and adjustable.

What do the chart bands mean?

At each checkpoint, the shaded bands cover the middle 70% and 95% of simulated outcomes. They are pointwise estimates, not corridors that 95% of entire paths stay inside. The selected highest and lowest runs are ranked by ending result.

How does cash hand volume work?

The cash simulation uses 100-hand blocks. Entered hands are normalized to the nearest 100 and the accepted count is displayed. More hands increase absolute profit spread roughly with the square root of volume while uncertainty about the average rate narrows.

What bankroll does the model require?

The finite-horizon cash estimate counts runs whose cumulative profit touches the starting bankroll deficit. Tournament funding risk counts runs unable to pay an entry before it is played. Main calculations assume fixed stakes and no withdrawals, reloads, or move-downs. Zero events in a finite sample do not prove zero true risk.

What SD should I use?

Use the standard deviation of actual results per 100 hands in the same units as your winrate. All-in-adjusted results describe a different random variable and are not a substitute for actual bankroll volatility. Presets are starting assumptions, not fitted population estimates.

How are tournament payouts modeled?

The calculator uses synthetic power-law or equal-seat payout shapes. They are illustrative, not copies of a specific poker room schedule. Requested ROI can be constrained by the payout model; the result reports any difference between requested and modeled ROI.

How is the winner estimate calculated?

Enter an observed rate and sample separately from the projected scenario. The card combines a stated Normal prior with a Normal likelihood approximation using assumed volatility. It assumes independent, stationary results and does not establish skill with certainty.

Does multi-tabling change the model?

The optional penalty reduces the projected cash winrate by the amount you enter and leaves per-100-hand SD fixed. It is a scenario input, not a claim that adding tables necessarily reduces your actual winrate.

What do backing and stake progression show?

These are independently configured simulations with their own deal or stake rules. They are illustrative scenarios and do not change the main fixed-stake bankroll result.

Explore variance reference tables